If the Torah, and the so-called 10 Commandments, were written in Hebrew, then how were the ancient Jews able to read it?

The fact is that originally the Torah was written out with no spacing between letters. The Hebrew Alphabet is very easy to learn as it is very primitive. ok, but still only 10% could read.

It's amazing that a civilization like the Egyptians would be writing in hieroglyphics but their slaves (the Jews) would be able to read & write using an alphabet. hmmm, something's off here.

Shouldn't the learned and educated peoples of the book have conquered illitirates like the Egyptians, not the other way around?

I know Hebrew of 5,000 years ago is not the same as today. Aramaic was used some 2000 years ago, but is no longer; ifcourse Latin is no longer spoken by Europeans, etc.